History of Singapore

This essay integrates and revises material from Kwa Chong Guan, â€Å"From Temasik to Singapore: Locating a Global City State in the Cycles of Melaka Straits History† in Miksic, John & Low, Cheryl-Ann (eds) Early Singapore 1300s to 1819: Evidence in Maps, Texts and Artefacts p125-139, De Coutre’s Proposal for a fort on Singapore and Sentosa, c. 625 (A/Prof Peter Borschberg’s website at www. borschberg. sg), and Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City by, p19-82, The Free Dictionary by Farlex, 2009, www. thefreedictionary. com 1 definition of strategic obtained from www. thefreedictionary. com 2 C. A.Gibson attempted to answer Raffles Professor of History Wong Lin Ken claim that â€Å"no historian has yet adequately explained why Singapore failed to be a major trading centre before the nineteenth century in Kwa Chong Guan, â€Å"From Temasik to Singapore: Locating a Global City State in the Cycles of Melaka Straits History† in Miksic, John & Low, Cheryl-Ann (eds) Early Singapore 1300s to 1819: Evidence in Maps, Texts and Artefacts 3 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p32 4 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p52 5 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p74 6 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p74 7 De Coutre’s Proposal for a fort on Singapore and Sentosa, c. 1625 (A/Prof Peter Borschberg’s website at www. borschberg. g) 8 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p77 9 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p78 10 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p79 11 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p79 12 from Kwa Chong Guan, â€Å"From Temasik to Singapore: Locating a Global City State in the Cycles of Melaka Straits History† in Miksic, John & Low, Cheryl-Ann (eds) Early Singapore 1300s to 1819: Evidence in Maps, Texts and Artefacts, p135 13 John Crawfurd recorded that Raffles â€Å"touched at Singapore to make enquires, and then for the first time, the advantage and superiority of its locality presented themselves† in Kwa Chong Guan, â€Å"From Temasik to Singapore: Locating a Global City State in the Cycles of Melaka Straits History† in Miksic, John & Low, Cheryl-Ann (eds) Early Singapore 1300s to 1819: Evidence in Maps, Texts and Artefacts 14 11 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p80 15 Prof Kwa Choon Guan’s lecture 3 notes, slide 4 6 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p55, recording an anecdote of Suma Oriental 17 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, 56-57 18 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p57-59 19 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p59 20 Eurasian engineer and explorer manuel godinho d’Eredia’s report, Declaracam de Malaca e India Meridional com o Cathay â€Å"Chorographic Description of the Straits of â€Å"Sincapure and Sabbam’ in 1604 marked a xabandaria at the south coast of Singapore 21 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng an d Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p61 22 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p73 23Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p61 History of Singapore This essay integrates and revises material from Kwa Chong Guan, â€Å"From Temasik to Singapore: Locating a Global City State in the Cycles of Melaka Straits History† in Miksic, John & Low, Cheryl-Ann (eds) Early Singapore 1300s to 1819: Evidence in Maps, Texts and Artefacts p125-139, De Coutre’s Proposal for a fort on Singapore and Sentosa, c. 625 (A/Prof Peter Borschberg’s website at www. borschberg. sg), and Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City by, p19-82, The Free Dictionary by Farlex, 2009, www. thefreedictionary. com 1 definition of strategic obtained from www. thefreedictionary. com 2 C. A.Gibson attempted to answer Raffles Professor of History Wong Lin Ken claim that â€Å"no historian has yet adequately explained why Singapore failed to be a major trading centre before the nineteenth century in Kwa Chong Guan, â€Å"From Temasik to Singapore: Locating a Global City State in the Cycles of Melaka Straits History† in Miksic, John & Low, Cheryl-Ann (eds) Early Singapore 1300s to 1819: Evidence in Maps, Texts and Artefacts 3 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p32 4 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p52 5 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p74 6 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p74 7 De Coutre’s Proposal for a fort on Singapore and Sentosa, c. 1625 (A/Prof Peter Borschberg’s website at www. borschberg. g) 8 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p77 9 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p78 10 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p79 11 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p79 12 from Kwa Chong Guan, â€Å"From Temasik to Singapore: Locating a Global City State in the Cycles of Melaka Straits History† in Miksic, John & Low, Cheryl-Ann (eds) Early Singapore 1300s to 1819: Evidence in Maps, Texts and Artefacts, p135 13 John Crawfurd recorded that Raffles â€Å"touched at Singapore to make enquires, and then for the first time, the advantage and superiority of its locality presented themselves† in Kwa Chong Guan, â€Å"From Temasik to Singapore: Locating a Global City State in the Cycles of Melaka Straits History† in Miksic, John & Low, Cheryl-Ann (eds) Early Singapore 1300s to 1819: Evidence in Maps, Texts and Artefacts 14 11 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p80 15 Prof Kwa Choon Guan’s lecture 3 notes, slide 4 6 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p55, recording an anecdote of Suma Oriental 17 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, 56-57 18 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p57-59 19 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p59 20 Eurasian engineer and explorer manuel godinho d’Eredia’s report, Declaracam de Malaca e India Meridional com o Cathay â€Å"Chorographic Description of the Straits of â€Å"Sincapure and Sabbam’ in 1604 marked a xabandaria at the south coast of Singapore 21 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng an d Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p61 22 Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p73 23Kwa Chong Guan, Derek Heng and Tan Tai Yong (2009) Singapore: A 700-Year History, From Early Emporium to World City, p61

High School Dropouts Essay

It’s been known for years that young people who do not earn a high school diploma face many more problems later in life than people who graduate. Dropouts are more likely to be unemployed, have poor health, live in poverty, be on public assistance, and be single parents. It all began in the 1960’s when students started to drop out due to the racial discriminations and gang violence. . High school drop outs have been a very serious problem in the United States. Here in this essay I will clarify how high school dropouts is a problem that should be solved. High school dropouts have been a continuous matter for many generations. Pregnancy, poor grades, truancy, low income, and bad behavior are the main causes of dropouts. Which leads for young people to more likely to unemployed, live in poverty and be depending on the help of the government. Approximately 7,000 high school students drop out every school day, which translates to one in three students. Once students make the decision to drop out, they lack the tools to compete in today’s society and diminish their chances for greater success in the future. Many years of failure and frustration can also lead for a person to dropout. The loss of motivation, source of support and encouragement lead students to not believe in them selves and only find the solution to drop out. Now in days, there are many options for high school dropouts. The government offers students to enroll themselves in vocational and trade school or non traditional schools. Which allow students to finish the rest of their credits or receive there GED. Vocational schools allow for students to study the field in which they are interested in. This is an effective option as most students that drop out struggle with some classes, but excel in a class that they enjoy. Of course the best solution is for students to stay in school, but if a student is going to drop out there are options to help him or her get the education and experiences to help him or her to succeed. There is defiantly many advantages in these programs. Dropouts have the opportunity at a second chance to be successful. The only disadvantage there can possibly be only relies on the individual. The person is the only responsible one and it is up to them if they truly want to commit themselves to an education. If the person does not commit themselves they will only loose the chance and go back to the possibility of being unemployed or getting paid minimum wage for the rest of there life. It is important for young people to take school seriously in order to prevent a very unfortunate future. In my opinion I think that the best solution is to stay in school. It will prevent people from having to deal with unemployment and poverty. Staying school will allow students to achieve there goals and most of all make others feel proud of you as well. High school can defiantly open many doors only if he or she is committed to their education and motivated. It is time for people to make a difference and speak to future generations regarding there education. Preventing dropouts can certainly change the world in the future.

What are the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on...

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder We usually think of war injuries as being physical, although one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the effects can be devastating. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an emotional illness classified as an anxiety disorder and usually develops because of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe event, often experienced in combat. Although this condition has likely existed since humans have endured trauma, PTSD has only been recognized as a formal diagnosis since 1980 and statistics regarding this illness indicate that approximately 7%-8% of people in the United States will likely develop PTSD in their lifetime, with the lifetime†¦show more content†¦Chief complaints in patients diagnosed with PTSD include two major symptoms: anxiety, which causes an abnormal reaction to loud noises and difficulty sleeping due to repeated nightmares. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder can have a devastating effect on a soldier’s personal, social and professional life. Soldiers who suffer from PTSD can relive the life-threatening experiences they have suffered with visual, auditory and/or somatic reality, reacting in mind and body as though the events were still occurring. These soldiers tend to avoid places, people, things that remind them of the event, and are highly sensitive to normal life experiences. Soldiers who are involved in a traumatic event may have a difficult time adjusting. A soldier may experience the inability to experience pleasure, isolation, and a reduced interest in activities. In many cases, however, the symptoms can get progressively worse, sometimes, even completely disrupting ones life. A soldier can develop and show signs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder that may cause behavioral changes and can wreak havoc with the body’s defense system. A soldier can develop both short-term and long-term behavioral/psychological problems because of PTSD. A soldier can have any one of the following problems; stomach upset, chest pain, breathing difficulties, frequent headaches, and night sweats. Along with weight gain, frequent constipation,Show MoreRelatedCauses And Effects Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Soldiers966 Words   |  4 PagesPost-traumatic Stress Disorder among Soldiers Soldiers witness massive amounts of torment while fighting. This usually causes the post-traumatic stress disorder to take place in their lives soon after. PTSD is a disorder that develops in [several] people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event (NIMH, 2016). Koren, Norman, Cohen, Berman, Klein (2005), conducted research and examined a study and it â€Å"clearly indicate that bodily injury is a major risk factor for among soldiersRead MoreToday’s Soldier: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesWe usually think of war injuries as being physical, although one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the effects can be devastating. PTSD is an emotional illness classified as an anxiety disorder and usually develops because of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe event, often experienced in combat. Although this condition has likely existed since humans have endu red trauma, PTSD has only been recognized as a formal diagnosisRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )907 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder is caused by Physiological Changes in the Brain People who have been in combat overseas are usually involved in some sort of traumatic or life threatening event. Therefore, the majority come home with some type of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder also known as PTSD. For the most part soldiers find a way of going around the question and tell doctors they do not have PTSD, they are in good health. Consequently, for those in the military there will always be the stigmaRead MoreThe Impact of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on Soldiers1613 Words   |  7 Pagesstop to think what kind of life that soldier lives when he/she returns home after their time served. American soldiers or soldiers in general are considered to be heroes. They put their lives on the line to help protect their country. However what few people seem to realize is that a soldiers battle is not only out there on the battle field. It is in their everyday lives during and after their time served. It is very common for soldiers to suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD forRead MorePtsd Is A Whole Body Tragedy, An Integral Human Event Of Enormous Proportions With Massive Repercussions Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesable to overcome post-traumatic stress disorder by going to health professionals or getting help with counseling. What is PTSD? Post-traumatic stress disorder is a life-threatening exposure in which an individual experiences a flashback to a traumatic event, such as war. Combat often substantially affects the soldier’s minds, but post-traumatic stress disorder can follow after a personal assault too (Wiley, 875). Post-traumatic stress diso rder develops in response to a traumatic event. About 60%Read MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Causes Symptoms and Effects Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pages This is the number of soldiers wounded or killed in action, received an amputation, or suffered from a Traumatic Brain Injury during Operation Iraqi Freedom or Operation Enduring Freedom. What this number does not include are the 39,365 cases of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (more commonly known as PTSD). (Department 2009) Although we usually think of war injuries as being physical, one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and the effects can be devastating to aRead MoreSoldiers and PTSD Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesMilitary Pathway (2013) concluded â€Å"Military life, especially the stress of deployments or mobilizations, can present challenges to service members and their families that are both unique and difficult†. Hence, it is not surprising that soldiers returning from a st ressful war environment often suffer from a psychological condition called Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. This paper provides a historical perspective of PTSD affecting soldiers, and how this illness has often been ignored. In addition,Read MoreKurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five -- A Great American Novel1383 Words   |  6 PagesAfter serving in World War Two, Kurt Vonnegut wrote Slaughterhouse-Five about his experiences through Billy Pilgrim, the protagonist in the novel. Slaughterhouse-Five is a dark novel about war and death. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disease that inflicts people who endured a traumatic event. Some of the common symptoms include flashbacks and creating alternate worlds which Billy Pilgrim experienced various times throughout Slaughterhouse-Five. Billy Pilgrim believes he has become â€Å"unstuckRead MoreA Disorder That Is Discussed In Both The Textbook And The1611 Words   |  7 PagesA disorder that is discussed in both the tex tbook and the DSM 5 that was not covered in class is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a disorder that may develop after and individual has experienced or been exposed to extreme trauma. This paper will provide an ABC analysis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; it will also discuss a treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and a critique of the disorder. The ABC analysis looks at antecedents, behaviors and consequences of a particularRead MoreThe Wars- Effects on Humans1748 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world. These effects, however, are extremely detrimental. Soldiers must shoulder extreme stress on the battlefield. Those that cannot mentally overcome these challenges may develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Sadly, some resort to suicide to escape their insecurities. Soldiers, however, are not the only ones affected by wars; family members also experience mental hardships when their loved ones are sent to war. Timothy Findley accurately portrays the detrimental eff ects wars have on individuals

Review Of The Book The Perfect Choice.this - 891 Words

Extremely Loud Incredibly Close is the type of book whereby once you finish reading the book you take away something valuable. The plot of the book wasn t too elaborate because there was no plot twist or anything dramatic. It was a simple story of learning how to cope no matter what life throws at you. I love that it wasn’t just about 9-11 but also about the war torn Dresden and Hiroshima. My thoughts on the book is that this is probably the most powerful anti-war book I’ve ever read. The stream of consciousness writing style is the perfect choice.This is a book filled with overwhelming feeling.The book is written in a unique way and includes a lot of photographs that give you a look into Oskar s mind who happens to be the protagonist in the book. I like the fact that It’s not depressing and parts of the book are also very humorous and funny. The characters are living after experiencing tremendous loss, some which happened recently and some which happened a life time ago. They are all unable to move on. They are unable to communicate their fears or their hurt, so they just keep it locked up, keep feeling it and reliving it. It s all quite depressing. But at the same time there are happen moments the make the depressing moments worth it. The protagonist Oskar starts out as a 9 year old who finds it difficult to come to terms with his father s death. He is intelligent and imaginative, capable of explaining the intriguing concepts of his inventions using strong words for

Assessing the Claim that Religion is a Conservative Force...

Assessing the Claim that Religion is a Conservative Force The view that religion acts as a conservative force in society is usually linked mainly with the Marxist approach. Marx argued that the bourgeoisie (the ruling class) used religious ideas as part of the ‘ideological state apparatus’, this referring to those institutions that served to conceal the capitalist exploitation of the proletariats (the working class) and at the same time make them believe, under false pretences, that society functioned in a fair and meritocratic way. This Marxist approach can be identified within many religious hymns; this Victorian hymn is one of many which highlight the Marxist view; â€Å"The rich man in his†¦show more content†¦Even those that are right at the bottom of society, often referred to as ‘untouchables’, had an incentive to put up with their lot uncomplainingly, in expectation of being one rung up in the caste ladder in their next life. Although the caste was outlawed by the British under colonial rule in India, it still persisted, especially in more rural areas, and the length of time or which is lasted is an accredited example of how religious ideas can act as a conservative force in society. Marx also quoted that religion was the â€Å"opium of the people†, meaning that religion acted like a drug helping people to cope with pain and suffering in their life brought about by exploitation. If religion acts as opium, deadening the pain, then this is also helping to stop social change, as the masses will have some comfort from their suffering and be able to put up with it. It could be argued that Durkheim, who focuses on a functionalist perspective, also views religion as a conservative force. For Durkheim, religion acts as the ‘moral glue’ that holds society together, and its rituals and teachings help to reinforce the shared norms and values that he believes were essential to keep society free from destructive conflict. Durkheim, in fact, also believed that religion served to maintain the inequalities in society, where Marx sawShow MoreRelatedExamine the Key Ideas of Situation Ethics2133 Words   |  9 Pagesand people had stopped listening to the Church and their teachings on what was ethically right. During the 1960s, society and the Church were facing drastic and permanent change. By 1966, women occupied an increasingly prominent place in the work force and there was a universal shock of the foundation of the contraceptive pill. This allowed young women to have sex whenever and with whoever they pleased. The sacred bonds of ma rriage started to break as more people saw this as a chance to have sexRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Allowed2932 Words   |  12 Pagessame-sex marriage just because the society is not comfortable with it. Many opponents argue that homosexual relationships are shallow and uncommitted. They also argue that it offends the religion. The issue of same-sex marriage is highly debated in our society. My paper is trying to offer wider perspectives in assessing this particular topic; for example, I will be looking this issue from its economic aspect. In some other countries, especially in the third world countries, the same-sex marriage isRead MoreThe Fundamental Discussions On Personality Development3439 Words   |  14 Pagesnineteen hundreds, and he is commonly referred to as the founding father of psychoanalysis- a theory that explicates human behavior (McLeod, S.A., 2013). 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Life Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Life Argumentative Essay Advertise your product or site on deviantART and reach the Community! Click for more information! Tired of banner advertising? Become a deviantART Subscriber and remove advertising! 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Messeng 28 Yahoo! 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Now, if they could only develop a digital replacement for those formaldehyde-drenched frogs we had to dissect back in high school. Read the full story, 8 comments. Tony Stratton; CEO of TGT Soft, Inc. Nike And What It Does To Third World Countrys EssayREFERENCESClues to Fiery Origin of LIfe Sought in Hothouse MIcrobes by William J. BroadThe New York TimesMay 09, 1995 V144,pB7(N), pC1(L), col 5, (48 col in.). Depths of Ignorance by Cindy Lee Van Dover. Discover September 1993 V14, n9, p. 37(3). Hydrothermal-Vent Communities of the Deep Sea byVerena Tunnicliffe American Scientist July/August 1992V80, n4, p.336(14). Words/ Pages : 887 / 24

Trinidad and Tobago Essay Example For Students

Trinidad and Tobago Essay East Indian rhythms of chutney music to give us what is known today as Coca Music. Coca music has evolved like all other music over the years, with Californians experimenting with other Caribbean rhythms. Within Trinidad and Tobago we now hear Raps, Chutney Coca, Raga Coca, Prang Coca, Steel Ban Coca, Rocks and Groovy Coca. Coca is indeed defined by its loud percussion beats. Most Coca songs are written to generate crowd response and therefore a Coca song which fails to make the crowd Jump, wave and wine is usually not a good one. For instance in typical fast Coca artiste urges audience to Jump and to wave rags or flags. Common nines used by most Coca artiste are put your hand in the air and wave your rags. Coca music in Trinidad and Tobago has become World Wide hits and has heavily influenced RB, Hip Hop and Pop songs. Did you know that Coca music has been experimented within Plywood films, new Punjabi pop and as well as Disco in the United States? We will write a custom essay on Trinidad and Tobago specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Coca music has made Trinidad and Tobago recognized on a World stage for instance with notable artiste like Machete Montana who commands large audiences in all the Caribbean islands, as well as London, Canada, New York and Miami, EKES ,Bunny Garlic, Fay Ann Lyons and Patrice Roberts. Coca music has influenced this nation for instance our Trinidad and Tobago mens Football team is known as Coca Warriors while the girls team is known as Coca Princesses. Many Coca songs however included themes like love, peace, and unity but as time passed Coca songs mainly include or encourage over indulgence in alcohol and sexual interest. For instance we hear Coca songs that tell the youths of our nation to get drunk, stagger in the middle of the road and get on wattles. Today however because of the changes in Coca music sexuality and rudeness are in your face, raw, explicit, up lose and personal. Nothing however is left to the imagination. According to Seem Hotel Coca music today is such that instead of presenting a decent, respectful skit to render a song, the Coca artiste comes on stage armed with Wake man and everybody waking, waking. Needless to say every hip Trinitarian, including the average young child already knows the real sexual translation of the word waking. Who is fooling whom? What is the message these Coca artistes are giving to our young impressionable and ever attentive children. The fact to the matter is that Physical reaction to Coca music is nothing more than public porn performed by adults with clothes on. It is at this immoral Juncture that moral decadence in Trinidad and Tobago rears its ugly head. According to Linda Edwards the Moral Decadence is also omnipresent on the TV screens on Carnival days because there is public IMPACTS OF MUSIC By princely syndrome the raisin deter for such public immoral pornographic behavior is that Tragedians want to free up. Coca music however has benefited our nation in many ways but it has strongly impacted our citizens and has thrown all respect out by removing our norms and our values.